The total amount of fat in food is made-up of different types. Food labels state the total amount of fat in a product, and also show how that total amount is made-up. The different types of fat shown on food labels are mono-unsaturates, polyunsaturates, and saturates (also referred to as saturated fat). However, you can follow a balanced diet by just focussing on what the total amount of fat you're consuming per day is, and how much of that fat is saturates - as consuming an excessive amount of saturates will cause raised cholesterol levels, which increases the risk of life-threatening illnesses. Some foods actually contain cholesterol, but the amount of cholesterol created as a result of a high intake of saturates is the main problem for most people.
You will probably have
noticed these ‘Guideline Daily Amounts’, or GDAs, for fat intake on food labels:
However, these Guideline Daily Amounts are not appropriate for all men and women (aged over 18 yrs) because we all have different nutritional requirements. Therefore, remember that the figures of 70 grams of total fat, and 20 grams of saturates, are just guidelines for women, and not targets, so if you think that you’re already consuming less than 70 grams of total fat, and less than 20 grams of saturates, and you aren’t underweight, then DON’T increase your fat intake!
Remember that the amount of saturates consumed in a day is part of the total amount of fat per day, so if you are female, and if you were to consume a total of 70 grams of fat in a day, then no more than 20 grams of that fat should be saturates. If you ate a 30 gram (a bit over an ounce) portion of hard cheese, such as cheddar, which contains a total of about 10 grams of fat, this would leave you with an allowance of 60 grams of total fat for the rest of the day. The total amount of fat in the cheese contains 6½ grams of saturates - so this would leave you with an allowance of 13½ grams of saturates for the rest of the day.
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Woman |
Man |
|
Total: 70 grams (Saturates : 20 grams) |
Total: 95 grams (Saturates: 30 grams) |
Some foods contain so much fat in a portion that they should really be labelled with a health warning! For example, if you ate 2 small pork pies (weighing 75 grams each) you would use-up nearly 39 grams of a daily fat allowance in just one meal (or snack!), and that would include 14½ grams of saturates. That wouldn’t leave you much of your fat allowance for the rest of the day. In fact, all pies and quiches (unless they are very small) will contain a lot of fat, because there doesn’t seem to be a way of making low-fat pastry that manufacturers regard as being satisfactory. Even quiches marketed for ‘slimmers’ can contain over 15 grams of fat, including over 7 grams of saturates – always read the nutritional information on the label, and don’t be taken-in by marketing hype. There are websites that provide recipes for pastry which are described as low-fat, if you think that making your own pastry is preferable to avoiding shop-bought pies etc., but check how much fat is actually contained in the ingredients that you use.
As mentioned above, 30 grams, or about an ounce, of hard cheese, such as Cheddar, contains a total of about 10 grams of fat, of which 6½ grams are saturates - but cheese contains protein, which is needed for general health, and good levels of vitamins and minerals, so if you like cheese, it’s worth ‘spending’ some of your fat allowance on having some. However, it isn’t a good idea to eat more than about an ounce of hard cheese per day, because it would start to use-up too much of your allowance for saturates, and it’s better to use your fat allowance to eat a variety of nutritional foods. Obviously, you wouldn’t want to weigh some cheese every time you wanted some for a sandwich, or something else, but if you just weigh an ounce to get an idea of what an ounce looks like, then you can just take a good guess at cutting an ounce in the future. You don’t have to be obsessed with accuracy when making a cheese sandwich.
An ounce, or 30 grams of cream cheese contains about 14 grams of fat (8 grams of saturates), and 2 tablespoons of double cream contains just under 20 grams of fat (just under 12 grams of saturates), and neither of these has a very significant level of protein, vitamins or minerals, so you could ‘spend’ a lot of your daily fat allowance on foods which contain cream cheese and/or cream, such as cheesecake and cream-cakes, when it would be better to ‘spend’ it on more nutritious foods.
The fat content of ice-cream and ice-lollies can
vary a lot. For example a Walls Magnum Classic contains 16 grams of fat, which also includes a very high 12 grams of saturates, but
a Walls Solero Exotic contains just 2.5 grams of fat, although it’s all saturates.
A medium-sized boiled egg contains about 6 grams of fat (about 1 gram of saturates), but as they are very nutritious, it’s worth using some of your fat allowance to eat one or two eggs per day, if you like them. It is now accepted that the cholesterol in eggs does not cause health problems, but if your doctor has previously told you not to eat eggs, do not eat any until you have checked with him/her that it is now OK for you to do so.
So-called ‘red’ meat has received a lot of ‘bad press’, but meat is nutritious, and the amount of fat in grilled or roasted lean meat is an acceptable use of part of your daily fat allowance. The fat content of beefburgers varies a lot, usually depending on what percentage of the burger is breadcrumbs, as well as how much fat the meat contained before it was minced. Organic beefburgers tend to contain more fat than non-organic burgers, but they usually have a lower salt content, so this website recommends organic burgers, if you’re going to buy burgers. The best solution though, is to make your own burgers – all you need to do is to buy some ‘extra lean’ minced beef, add some of your favourite spice or herb, if you like, then using a little flour, press and flatten portions of the meat into burger shapes. Don’t add salt to the burgers. Burgers can be baked in the oven, instead of frying, and some of the fat will come out of them whilst they are baking (put them on non-stick baking foil, on a baking sheet, so that you don’t need to add fat to cook them). Bake at gas no. 6 (200c) for 20-25 minutes. Turn them over half-way through cooking time, and make a cut in the middle to check that they’re completely cooked-through before serving.
Food fried in fat may absorb a lot of it, so it’s better to grill, or bake food – baking food has the advantage of not having a messy grill to clean. Chicken, lean meat, and vegetables may need brushing with a little oil, but that’s still better than frying. Organic rapeseed oil is recommended, as it’s very low in saturates, and it can be brushed onto food with a pastry brush (only about 50p at supermarkets, displayed in their cookware aisles).
White fish is very nutritious, and naturally low in fat, as long as it’s grilled, baked, or poached. Cod and haddock that’s coated in batter is likely to contain a lot more fat than fish that’s just lightly ‘dusted’ or ‘floured’ and baked, so it’s worth checking the labels of packaged fish – fish and chips bought from a ‘chippy’ are definitely going to contain a lot of fat, including a high level of saturates.
Eating oily fish, such as mackerel, sardines, salmon, and fresh tuna, is recommended because it contains nutrients that are very beneficial to health. However, not many people eat oily fish on a regular basis, so you may prefer to take a Fish oil supplement - but if you have any medical problems, check with your G.P. before you take it.
Milk is regarded as a nutritious food, but it can be easy to use-up more of your fat allowance on it than you realise. If you have milk with cereal, and also add it to tea or coffee during the day, then you may be surprised at how much of your fat allowance is used-up by milk – check the label of the milk that you currently use. You may want to consider using skimmed milk, or unsweetened soya milk (choose one with added calcium), which is reported to have health benefits for women.
Don’t choose something to eat or drink because the label states that it’s either “low fat” or something like “contains only 4% fat”, without checking how much fat will actually be in the amount that you are likely to eat or drink, and also how much sugar is in it – and then consider how much of your daily allowance it will use-up.
There is also usually less choice of 'low fat' versions of foods such as cheese, and as they may not contain a great deal less fat than full-fat versions, you may as well choose the product that has the taste that you prefer.
You may have heard about trans fats. Some trans fats are found naturally in meat and dairy products, and these are not thought to be harmful, but trans fats in hydrogenated fats or oils (often referred to as being ‘partially’ hydrogenated on food labels) are bad for health, so try to avoid eating anything which contains those kinds of fat. Fortunately, there is currently a lot of effort being put into removing hydrogenated fats and oils from ready-prepared foods.
Be aware that many product labels on ready-meals state the amount of fat contained in half of the container, and you may well be intending to eat the whole thing !
The sections of the website which give suggestions for what to eat and drink at different times of the day show how you can eat a ‘ordinary’ foods, including ready-prepared items, without consuming too much fat.
· Introduction - follow a balanced diet for weight-loss
· Guidelines - fat
· Breakfasts and mid-morning snack suggestions
· Lunch and mid-afternoon snack suggestions
· Evening meal and supper suggestions
· Eating out, special occasions, and holidays
· Morale, motivation
· Exercise – but first of all, relax!
· Carbs, Glycaemic Index and Load
· Meal replacement weight-loss products
· Wholemeal muffins - about
· Spiced choc-chip wholemeal muffins
It’s a good idea to ‘spread’ your fat consumption throughout the day, rather than not eating anything for several hours, and then consuming an excessive amount of fat in one meal. You can think of the amount of fat that you can consume per day as an ’allowance’ that you should ‘spend’ on nutritious meals, rather than snacks and desserts which contain a lot of fat but don’t contain many, or any, vitamins or minerals – which you need to maintain your health, skin, hair, and nails. Remember that the 'allowance' for saturates is a maximum limit - the less saturates the better - but you do need to consume a total amount of fat within the range stated above.
If you haven’t already done so recently, it’s recommended that you ask your G.P. to check your blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and if the results are higher than normal, your G.P. will want to check them again at a later date - but they should improve if you’ve reduced your fat (particularly saturates) and ‘added’ sugar consumption enough.
The fat content of some basic foods are mentioned below, with comments regarding their nutritional content, and more foods are included in the ‘suggestions’ as to what to eat and drink.